Lies in Huck Finn Essay

â€Å"That book was written by Mr. Mark Twain, and he told the truth, mainly. There as things which he stretched but mainly he told the truth† (1). These are the first lines and the first lies in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, so from the beginning, the lack of truth is a major theme in the novel. Mark Twain justified the lying in different levels. Some of the lies are vicious and self-serving and these lies were mostly told by the King and Duke while other lies were childish and harmless which was mostly told by Jim. The â€Å"bad† characters in the novel tended to spew out lies on a daily basis. The king and Duke tell lies without pausing and transform lying into an art form. They are automatically dubbed villains for their lies because unlike Huck, they tell their lies for self-gain. They are ruthless men who will do practically anything to get what they want. They make up fraudulent names in order to get special treatment from Huck and Jim and lower them to slaves. The Duke claims he is a descendant of the â€Å"Duke of Bridgewater† (100). When the king hears this, he decides he too would take the same path as the Duke so he can be treated as royalty as well, so he spins his own tale that he is the long lost King of France, â€Å"Dauphin. They lied to escape work and although Jim believes them, Huck just goes along with it so he would not anger them. In addition to this, they also deceive numerous towns with their faux imitation of â€Å"The Royal Nonesuch† for financial gain. Their lies sped past the road of immorality to downright evil when they lied to two girl who recently lost their uncle in order to steal their money and leave the two girls broke and without a house or a family. The king and the Duke lie only for the satisfaction of appeasing their materialistic desires. Although the Duke and King lied for their own greedy satisfaction, Jim lied harmlessly. After Tom and Huck played a prank on him, Jim lies to all the other slaves about how he hat got take from his head and put on a tree branch when he was asleep. He tells them a fabricated story of spirits visiting him and achieves celebrity status among the slaves. He also tells them about his hairball which can supposedly tell the future, although only he can tell what it is saying and the customer must pay Jim first for it to work. Even though his lies are self-serving, unlike the Duke and King’s, they harm no one. Mark Twain painted the art of lying in two different lights in this novel. In one light, it is evil and self-serving and whoever uses it is considered a vile villain, while in the other light, it is deceitful and sly and whoever uses it is considered a child who does not know wrong or right. He proves that there is no black and white: lying is bad or good. Lying can be innocent, and lying can be dangerous; it depends who you are and how you decide to use it.

Hard Determinism Essay

John Hospers uses the rule of common usage, and Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory of human behavior, to argue man is incapable of being free. As a hard determinist, Hospers believes a truly free act can’t be caused, and man’s actions are all predetermined, because they’re caused by an external factor. He begins by using the rule of common usage to show that freedom can’t be defined through its characteristics, as attempting to persuade us to use the hard determinist definition. He then uses psychoanalytical cases to support his argument, because they display individuals making regretful decisions without external factors. The immediate cause is an inner psychological factor, also known as will. Freud’s theory says this internal compulsion is man’s unconscious mind, and control of all man’s actions. This is explained by dividing the unconscious mind into three parts consisting of the id, the super ego, and the unconscious ego. Manâ⠂¬â„¢s feelings of desire are the id and constantly want to be satisfied. His sense of right and wrong comes from the super ego, which rejects every wish the id has. The unconscious ego is the negotiator, and is responsible for reaching a compromise to keep the other two happy. Man’s will choosing his actions is simply the unconscious reaching compromises. Briefly, all of man’s actions are controlled by the unconscious mind. 1.All of man’s actions are controlled by the unconscious mind. 2.The unconscious mind can be categorized as an external factor. 3.Therefore since man has no control over his actions, he is incapable of being free. Its common knowledge man is unable to control his unconscious, as its very definition is what man is unaware of. In addition Hospers believes a person’s behavior is determined by the influences of their early environment, at an age when they were unable to make responsible choices. Common man would agree during this infantile stage, a person has no control over what their environment consists of. As a result they have no choice of what experiences they’ll have, and have no control on the development of their behavior. When comparing the unconscious mind to external factors, Hospers believes they’re the same. An external factor is understood to be any force compelling man’s actions out of his control. Hospers has used Freud’s theory to help explain that man’s will, is a factor he has no control over, and can be categorized as an external force. Therefore since man has no control over his actions, he is incapable of being free.

Passion and responsibility in Edith Warton’s “Ethan Frome” Essay

Set in 1881 Starkfield, Massachusetts, Edith Warton’s _Ethan Frome_ reveals a recurring theme found in literature: â€Å"the classic war between a passion and responsibility.† In the novel, published in 1911, protagonist Ethan Frome confronts his two private passions, his desire to become an engineer that conflicts with his moral responsibility to his family and his passion for Mattie Silver that conflicts with his obligations to his sickly wife, Zenobia Frome. Ethan, being a man of responsibility, places the needs and wants of his family, before his own, which causes him to experience only â€Å"[s]ickness and trouble† and â€Å"that’s what [he’s] had his place full up with, ever since the very first helping† (12). The reader sympathizes with Ethan’s struggles as he abandons his studies at Worcester, considers running away with Mattie, and even attempts suicide with Mattie. When Ethan is confronted with family obligations, his desire to become an engineer ceases and, as a result, he leaves Worcester. Later in his, life he starts to realize that leaving Worcester also meant that he would forget about all of the things he learned. Because Ethan was unable to finish his education as Worcester, he looks at the book that the speaker left him and knows that would be â€Å"things in that book that [he] didn’t know the first word about† (14). Though Ethan had to leave Worcester prematurely, he thinks fondly of his university days and longs to recreate them. Ethan’s â€Å"best  parlour† (112) that he uses as a sanctuary is modeled after a professor he had at Worcester. His professor, a minister, fed Ethan’s curiosity by lending him books. However, Ethan’s sense of responsibility made him give up the knowledge he loved and even years later he clings onto the spark of knowledge that he gained from university. Ethan’s longing to run away with Mattie is obliterated by his overpowering responsibility to his wife. Wharton poses a striking contrast between the two women, using light and warmth to represent Mattie and dark and coldness for Zeena. Mattie brings out a part of Ethan that he had lost when he left Worcester. Ethan embraces this newly found self with the desire to talk to her and not be the shy man he was in his Worchester days. To Ethan â€Å"all his life was lived in the sight and sound of Mattie Silver† (35), and because of her he has found a new happiness. However, this newfound happiness can be eradicated by a mere mention of his wife’s name. Zeena’s name â€Å"threw a chill between† (73) Ethan and Mattie. Zeena’s character juxtaposes the character of Mattie; all the warmth that Mattie brings into the Frome home turns wintry when Zeena is present. Ethan’s responsibility to Zeena causes him to stay in the cold town of Starkfield. Even the townspeople believe that Ethan has â€Å"been in Starkfield too many winters† (7). When Ethan is around Mattie he is filled with â€Å"a warm sense of continuance and stability† (45). Yet Zeena stands in the way of Ethan being with Mattie like he so frequently imagines. This causes Ethan’s heart to be jerking â€Å"to and fro between two extremities of feeling† (95), his responsibilities lie with Zeena but Mattie inflames his passions. Red is the archetypal color for passion and it reflects Ethan and Mattie’s inability to act on their mutual desire for one another. When Mattie first arrives in Starkfield she wears a â€Å"cherry-coloured scarf†(27) and later a â€Å"streak of crimson ribbon† (71) through her hair that catches Ethan’s attention. Ethan â€Å"had taken to the girl from the first day†(*******) and his passion for her never left him. Ethan and Mattie’s rebellious attempt at suicide is inhibited by his thoughts of Zeena. Ethan learns that Zeena wishes to send Mattie away and replace her with a hired girl. He knows that he should respect his wife’s decision but feels that his â€Å"heart was jerking to and fro between two extremities of  feeling† (95). Ethan chooses this path with Mattie because it is her last hope, without living in Starkfield and moving with no job experience she only has one thing to offer. Ethan knows this, but also tries to ignore it thinking that she might get a better life, he tries to help but he â€Å"can’t lift a hand for† (138) Mattie. He has tried every possibility, so together Ethan and Mattie finally go coasting. With Starkfield alight below they â€Å"looked ahead with rigid faces† (138). Everything passes by in a blur, all that matters is that Ethan and Mattie are together and they are in their own world. Mattie suggests going down again b ut this time they will â€Å"never come up anymore† (143). Ethan’s final request is for Mattie to sit behind and † to feel [Mattie] holding [him]† (146). It is Ethan’s own clash of emotions that cause him to agree with Mattie’s suggestion that the two of them should commit suicide by coasting into the elm tree at the bottom of the hill. Everything goes to plan until â€Å"his wife’s face†¦thrust itself between him and his goal† (147), causing him to swerve, but he soon rights it. Instead of hitting the tree head on, the two hit it on the right side. The â€Å"smash-up† (4) is not enough to kill them but it does leave the pair seriously injured. When he hears Mattie’s twittering sounds of pain, Ethan realizes his failed rebellious action and his sense of responsibility returns. Ethan hears his horse begins to whinny and thinks to himself that â€Å"[he] ought to be getting [the horse] his feed† (149). Frome’s injuries remain as a constant reminder of his inability to escape his responsibilities. In _Ethan Frome_ the progonist Ethan Frome cannot escape his responsibilities in his life, whether it be his parents or his wife. Now he also has a new weight to carry, along with the responsibility, it is that Mattie’s condition is his fault. Ethan learned that responsibility trumps passion in all forms, he tried to follow his passions but he could not escape reality. That reality is a life with Zeena taking care of Mattie, and Ethan living his hard life with seeing everyday what he did to the love of his life. Wharton’s use of the responsibility vs. passion motif in her novel Ethan Frome is very apparent. Frome is haunted by his own responsibilities first to his mother and father and then later his responsibility regarding his marriage to Zeena. It is these responsibilities that stand in Ethan’s way of  achieving a â€Å"paradise,† whether it be in the form of an education at Worcester, or a relationship with Mattie Silver.

Volswagen in the United States Case study Essay

Volswagen in the United States Case study - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to analyze Volkswagens American operations, examine the effects of globalization on Volkswagen, and to describe the strategies that Volkswagen has developed in order to improve its position in the US. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section provides brief literature review on globalization within the context of the automotive industry wherein VW operates. This will be followed by background information on Volkswagen’s global operations, with a particular emphasis on its operations in America. The second section discusses globalization and the issues affecting Volkswagen with respect to its promotion and distribution strategies. The final section explores the international structure most appropriate for VW based on its current position in the world market. At its most fundamental, globalisation refers to the world as one big market and source of information. It is characterised by a free flow of goods, people and information around the world, an internationalization of economic processes and the emergence of world markets (Lemoine, W. and Dagnaes, L., 2002). Consequently globalization has given rise to new concepts such as global industries, organizations and strategies used to market and sell global products, brands and services. A global industry has been defined as ‘an industry in which the strategic positions of competitors in major geographic or national markets are fundamentally affected by their overall operations’ (Porter, 1980, p.275). The automotive industry has been recognized as a global industry in the sense that business activities or transactions made by a multinational automotive enterprise would not likely follow the business model from its host country. Shimokawa (1999) pointed out that these activities would include: On the one hand, an organization may generally be considered as global when it ‘operates in more than one country and captures R&D, production,

Write a 4 page essay based on the question provided - 1

Write a 4 page based on the question provided - Essay Example Traditional dating was when a man asked a woman out several days prior to the day they were supposed to go dating if she was interested. The innovations made dating more casual that it was before. However, the question that bugs many people is; are hookups good or bad for women’s rights? According to England and Thomas, hook ups are when two people go out dancing, for movies and later on retire to a more private place for sexual encounters. Such encounters are aided with a lot of drinking (143). From the research that was carried out, more men enjoyed hookups than women did. The rates of satisfaction in women were low and many were not happy with their en counters. Many of the men hooked up with women that they had never seen before and in the morning, they could not remember their partners (144) Taking to perspective the fragile nature of the women emotions, it is then appropriate to say that hook ups are not in the best interests of the women. Many of the women leave the encounters emotionally bruised and the fact that they have not achieved the intended felling’s makes it more frustrating for women (147). As much as there is dating, hooking up or any other form of interaction people need to live together. This is what is called cohabitation; a living arrangement that is facilitated by agreement between two parties. Mostly this happens in members of the opposite sex. According to Casper and Bianch, the increase in heterosexual cohabitation has led to delayed marriages and an increase in divorce and caused one of the most significant changes in family life, as we have known it (153). It is believed that cohabitation had decreased the committed that is associated with marriage. Marriage used to be the foundation of sexual relations, living together among many other family related matters (153). Today people are joining up to live together without even being married. They are having children and even giving

What are the political beliefs of the American people in the year 2012 Essay

What are the political beliefs of the American people in the year 2012 - Essay Example The definition of liberalism is the following: the importance of liberty and equal rights are high on the agenda for liberals. Moreover, they are much more concerned about liberal elections, human rights, capitalism and freedom of religion. The ideas of liberalism are the most attractive for me in the 21st century. Nowadays the world is too complex and it is necessary to find the best balancing policy, which will cover economic and social aspects. The power of liberalism is able to perform all these functions on the background of freedom and equality. We can also underline that the ideas of liberalism are deeply rooted in historical developments of the American Constitution. This country has been always been a template of excellence of liberalistic views and considerations. I claim that America is full of liberalist senses. Freedom is the central concern of the liberal party. The principles of political innocence are deeply rooted in the American liberalism. In such a way, even Locke claimed that the entire world initially was America. Of course, this statement is a kind of exaggeration, but America was free from feudalism. The absence of this oppressing power underlines the nature of free country, which is the main benefit of America above all other European country. There is a free basis for the development of the modern America and there is a chance to develop in accordance with the principles of freedom and equality, promoted by liberals. Moreover, liberalism in America is of a social nature and it differs from liberalist concerns promoted in Europe. Currently, liberals alter their principles in the name of the government. The state of a social welfare is the most attractive feature for the modern citizens in America. In order to reach this goal it is relevant to cooperate at economical, social and political levels. In spite of the fact that there are many opponents of liberalism in the country, we can claim that

Now the Olympic flame has left the UK its remaining legacy is to Essay

Now the Olympic flame has left the UK its remaining legacy is to inspire a generation, promoting the benefits of physical fitness. What are the benefits to the cardiovascular system of regular exercise - Essay Example This paper is a discussion of the main physiological features of the cardiovascular system. The heart, one of the system’s major components, has two ventricles at the bottom chambers of the heart and two atria at the top chambers (Aaronson et al, 2004: p47). The ventricles force the blood into the blood vessels from the heart while the atria drains and forces blood into the ventricles. The heart is divided into two chambers in order to achieve a two-circuit system of circulation. The right side pumps to the lungs while, on the other hand, the left pumps to the other organs of the body. During the cycle of a heartbeat, the right and left atria contract, then the right and left ventricles follow suit, followed by relaxation of the ventricles and atria. During the resting phase for the ventricles and atria, blood flows from the relaxed atria to the relaxed ventricles, constituting the diastole. The atria then contract to force out any remaining blood almost followed immediately by the ventricle, constituting the systole. To ensure that blood flows in the right direction, the heart has valves that allow blood to move in only one direction. The heart valves open and close when the heart relaxes and then contracts, which is caused by the pressure difference in the heart, and these valves are; aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid valves (Aaronson et al, 2004: p50). The one way nature of the valves ensures that blood does not flow back, which avoids mixing of different blood. The heart is comprised of the cardiac muscle, which is a striated and involuntary muscle found on its walls and histological foundations (Aaronson et al, 2004: p52). While smooth muscle is also involuntary, cardiac muscle is more anatomically related to skeletal muscle since smooth muscle is not striated. The cardiovascular system is made of an amalgamation of smooth and cardiac cells, with the blood vessels lined by smooth muscle. The circulatory system is

Blue valentine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Blue valentine - Research Paper Example Blue Valentine takes a non-judgmental and observant approach to the underlying forces of the associations that it discovers. Despite the fact that there are various small reasons for why the relationship sours, there is no singled fixed illustration for why it ultimately stops functioning. Accordingly, there is no any trial to allot responsibility to either individual and correspondingly to other marriage in crisis movies trying to argue who was more at fault. Blue Valentine by Derek addresses love or relationships that results into marriage as an issue of psychological culture in the society (Reynolds, 2003). Blue Valentine movie is a cultural and a psychologically ambitious and impressively subversive effort by Derek who is a new film producer. It is a subtle but clear way, a pro-life movie; this is means that it is quite vibrating and oppressive; the psychological intensity and instability surely are meant to keep viewers from relaxing and just enjoying themselves. The theory of interactionism derives social processes including struggle, collaboration, and personality development from human dealings. It is research concerning the way individuals behave within culture. Blue valentine has used this theory throughout in displaying its message to the audience. The main message that illustrates the cultural issues is that instinct or, better, natural guidance the social, personal; human beings are provided with in order to find life good lacks communicative and strong protectors in the present days. This is the reasons as to why the two main characters, which are husband and wife, are much extra broken, more bolted up than people need or should be. Their small daughters, in the meantime, looks to be very excited and very innocent or not broken at all; however, more reasons are not provided to show whether she is going to remain anywhere near that way. She is going to remain in a broke marriage, and with parents who even together, but certainly not s eparately will not provide her anywhere near what she requires to discover individual contentment. The movie is also, of course, about how poorly children are raised up in the present days, which illustrates the cultural changes in the present life worldwide. The wife referred to as Cindy it is noted that comes from an unemotional family with an at least orally offensive father. A lot of her past is exposed during what looks to be uselessly invasive interrogative at an abortion hospital. The author shows how Cindy had a poor upbringing making her to begin having sex at an early age with several sexual partners. Unfortunately, she got pregnant and the man responsible did not care about her; her father declares that she is not the kind to take her boyfriends to her family. The author demonstrates her more than once that she delight in perverse sex, which is more about physical control than individual love. She is particularly fascinated to a particularly bodily control enthusiast, who , in any profound intellect, is not stimulating or motivating at all. The author demonstrates just adequate to know that she rests more fascinated to him than to her husband, and one conceivable situation the audiences are left with is her reappearance to that person. Her husband declares, on their last night together, that he will not smash her and will not rape her no matter how much she likes it. Her future husband pointlessly courts her for a while; this is because he discovers her very substantially attractive and delightfully impractical and full of herself as most of beautiful women are always. On the other hand, she discovers him delightfully incompetent and so a waste of time. She becomes attracted in him only after she finds out she

Manufacturing strategy and operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Manufacturing strategy and operations - Essay Example The adoption of this approach has a number of benefits to an organisation and the overall consumer satisfaction. In analysing this option of production, the paper will provide a case study of Nike, a company that has operated sweatshops in various parts of the world including Asia and South America. The benefits of this geographically distant manufacturing strategy adopted by the company will be evaluated in line with the principles of this approach. Geographically-distant low cost manufacturing impacts on global customer service expectation The current crave with geographically-distant low manufacturing location has led to the emergence of manufacturing units in china and other countries. This is attributed to the low cost of labour and materials in these countries, which lead to production of low cost goods. Through this approach of manufacturing, a number of organisations have significantly increased production of low cost goods and services, which has affected positively on the o verall costs of the product (Tengstam, 2008). Nike through its units in Asia and other parts of the world where the cost of labour and materials are low, have increased its production of low cost footwear. As one of the largest manufacturers of sports footwear in the world, the company has improved its global customer satisfaction through 100% outsourcing of its production processes. Through this process, the company focuses on research and development and leaves the engaging processes of manufacturing and large-scale production to offshore-outsourced companies. This ensures that the company presents well designed and consumer taste based footwear, which improves the organisation’s market influence (Kumar, 2001). One of the open costs of long distance manufacturing processes to customers is the low cost of goods produced due to the low production costs and raw materials. As a company that uses raw materials from china, Indonesia and India, Nike has increased its market contro l due to the relatively low costs of its products. The intensive cost of installing and maintaining a production unit increases the overall cost of production and this is responsible for increased cost of products in a number of multinationals. This does not however occur with Nike as it focuses on research and development processes which results into production of high quality-low cost goods. The capital costs of installing more production machinery are thus bypassed and this enables the business to produce low cots footwear and other sport accessories (Harzing, 2005). Nike’s logistic and manufacturing strategy The manufacturing strategy of Nike has remained its core strength and reason for dominance in the global market as it has enhanced its core competiveness. As an approach that seeks to eliminate initial capital and the need to manage production cost, Nike developed the use of offshore sweatshops operated in Asia and southern America. These contracted companies have the capacity to produce high quality footwear and sports accessories, which enhances its competitive strength in the market. Within these sweatshops in Asia and South America, Nike monitors the production quality and sends expatriates to these factories to manage their production proces

Impact of an Education on the Economy of the States Essay

Impact of an Education on the Economy of the States - Essay Example Economists measure the prosperity of a country depending on the number of the educated populace because success is dependent on the education of a state. The educated populace in a country sets the pace for development that students who are still in schools need to follow. They set standards that students should meet so that the state obtains a high-quality education. Through this, most state result to have a productive population. This is evident in countries that are economic power yet they lack natural resources like gold, copper, or oil. The educated populaces in a state act as trendsetters in developing skills and knowledge through educating the rest of the population on the importance of education. This is evident in recent days because it has seen an expansion of sectors concerned with education. The number of schools and universities has significantly increased due to the influence of the educated populace. The educated peoples act as teachers and lecturers in classes that deal with technology advances. Education is possible to contribute to technology change and capabilities in countries industry. From a study, it was clear that educational level and skills of workers relates to the rate of technical change of a firm in a positive way. It will encourage an increase in education level and prosperity of a country (Bourguignon, Elkana and Pleskovic 21). Education in many countries has paved the way for innovation in various sectors. Innovation in research, training, and different areas is inclined to improve by having good and quality education. It will persuade many people to pursue an education in many countries. Innovation in health, agriculture, and the technology sector has encouraged students to continue their ambitions to become productive people in the society driven by their interest in having a prosperous country.

Patterns and trends in health among society Essay Example for Free

Patterns and trends in health among society Essay Gender Women’s life expectancy is higher than men; women typically live five years longer than men (Stretch and Whitehouse 2012. In 2002, life expectancy at birth for females born in UK was 81 years, compared with 76 years for males. This contrasts with 49 and 45 years respectively at the turn of the last century in 1901(Sikin, L undated). Another reason why women live longer could be because men tend to smoke and drink more alcohol than women in general. Men also take more risk than women; Women have less chance in getting cardiovascular disease, like heart attack and stroke. Women usually develop these problems usually in their 70s and 80s, about 10 years later than men, who develop them in their 50s and 60s (Blue, L 2008). Another reason why women live longer could be because men in their late teens and 20s go through something called ‘’testosterone’’ (Blue, L 2008). Testosterone is when the level of hormones is high and changeable, this can create dangerous behaviors. For e.g. they may not wear seatbelts; they drink alcohol and they can become aggressive. These kinds of behaviors can lead to higher death rates for males. Men also take risk more than women; expert claims that men take more risk, making them twice as adventurous and carefree than female. However in 2011 bps state that woman often takes more risk than men. Psychological Science a journal of the Association for Psychological Science has shown the reality of what type of person is prone to taking chances is more complicated than first thought. The study found that despite stereotypes, females sometimes take more risks than men and adolescents can be as  cool-headed as any other demographic. (3). they have found out that men are prone to financial gambles and women often take social risks. Another reason why women life expectancy is higher because men tend to do dangerous sports such as rugby, surfing, motorcycle racing and skiing. In 2002 statistic said that females born in the UK live up to 81 years, whereas males live up to 76 years. This contrast with 49 and 45 years respectively at the turn of the last century in 1901 (2). This is a table is from 2007-2009 about life expectancy in different parts of the UK. In the UK, males and females expect to spend more than 80 per cent of their lives in very good health or general health from birth. Falling to around 57 per cent at the age of 65 (1). In recent years males are taking care of their health more than females. However in today’s society it is believed that female’s health has improved more than males. Social class Statistic produced a biases picture. They believe that people in the lowest social class work in dangerous industries. This causes higher rates of illness. Therefore it is not the class but age and employment of people that causes high levels of illness and lower life expectancy. /http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1007 Ethnicity All ethnic minorities have higher rates of still births, perinatal moralities (death within 1 week), and neo-natal mortality (within 1 month). Ethnicity backgrounds tend to have shorter life expectancy. Children from Asian families have higher rates of getting rickets. Only Afro-Caribbeans and Pakistanis continue to show excess mortality throughout infancy (Whitehead 1992). Afro-carribeans more likely to be admitted to mental health units, men more so than women and more likely to be sectioned. Once there they are more likely to receive harsh treatment e.g.- electro-shock therapy, anti psychotics. Age Geographical location The black report Internet Blue, L (2008) Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men [online] Available at: http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1827162,00.html http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/disability-and-health-measurement/health-expectancies-at-birth-and-age-65-in-the-united-kingdom/2008-10/index.html Sikin, L (undated) Life expectancy [online] Available at: http://www.agediscrimination.info/statistics/Pages/LifeExpectancy.aspx The telegraph (2012) Men twice as likely to take risks [online] Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/evolution/9005552/Men-twice-as-likely-to-take-risks.html

Egypt and the Nile Essay Example for Free

Egypt and the Nile Essay The ancient Egyptians were polytheistic. They believed in over one thousand gods. Ancient Egypt was a highly agricultural society. But the land received almost no rainfall annually. Thanks to the River Nile, Egyptians had a steady source of water. The seasonal floods were highly predictable and made Egypt into a major agricultural empire. Ancient Egyptians were one of the earliest civilizations to practice large scale agriculture. To properly use the river Nile, the Egyptians created their own irrigation system which helped to expand the empire. As the civilization flourished, so did it’s people and culture. The Nile was inspiration for the Egyptian religion and culture. Most of the Egyptian arts follow a strict cannon. Usually the subjects of Egyptian art are Gods and Pharaohs. The Pharaohs were considered as gods themselves. The Egyptians worshipped their gods with so much passion. They believed that they could achieve immortality and be like gods themselves. Prominent Egyptians had tombs and they were embalmed. The body was mummified and the tomb contained items that the mummy would need in the afterlife. Some pharaohs’ tombs even contained large ships so that he could sale in the Nile for eternity. The Egyptian sunken relief of the God Horus, showcased in the Menil Collection displays the use of several different techniques used in ancient Egyptian Art. This sculpture can be compared to other Egyptian work like Ti’s hunt and also to the Greek cannon for building sculptures. The description reads â€Å"The Beautiful Horus, The great god, Lord of Heaven; one who is foremost in Bahet [possibly Edfu]. † This relief sculpture is presented by combining both frontal and profile view of Horus. Most of the Egyptian arts created are in sunken relief. Usually the subjects of Egyptian art are Gods and Pharaohs. The Egyptians worshipped their gods with so much passion. â€Å"Egyptian artists regularly ignored the endless variations in the body types of real human beings. Painters and sculptors did not sketch their subjects from life but applied a strict cannon, or system of proportions, to the human figure† (Kleiner, 64). This method of drawing lasted for centuries. Before drawing anything the Egyptians drew a grid on the wall. Then specific human body parts were placed in each of the squares. The height of the subject is already pre-determined. The Sculpture of Horus, from the Menil collection is dated to be from 1320 to 1200 BC. The 19th dynasty was in control during 1320 to 1200 B. C. The ancient Egyptians feared and adored their gods. They built huge temples and monuments to praise their gods. They aspired to become like their gods. The Egyptians wanted to become immortal. This is why there is the embalming process when someone is buried. The statues built in burial chambers were for this reason. The artist’s aim was not to portray living figures, but to suggest the timeless nature of the stone statue that was designed to provide an eternal substitute home for the ka† (Kleiner, 63). A look at scroll of Hu- Nefer illustrates what the Egyptians believed what would happen to a dead person’s soul. â€Å"At the left, Anubis, the jackal-headed god of embalming, leads Hu- Nefer into the ha ll of judgment. The god then adjusts the scales to weigh the dead man’s heart against the feather of the goddess Maat, protectress of truth and right. A hybrid crocodile-hippopotamus-lion monster, Ammit devourer of the sinful, awaits the decision of the scales. If the weighing had been unfavorable to the deceased, the monster would have eaten his heart. The ibis-headed god Thoth records the proceedings. Above, the gods of the Egyptian pantheon are arranged as witnesses while Hu- Nefer kneels in adoration before them. Having been justified by the scales, Hu-Nefer is brought by Osiris son, the falcon headed god Horus, into the presence of the green faced Osiris and his sisters Isis and Nephthys to receive the award of eternal life† (Kleiner, 77). All of the Egyptian art followed the Egyptian cannon. Even the sculptures followed this method. The statues of Pharaohs were rigid structures. The Pharaoh were all known to be patrons of art and built many monuments to please the gods. The sculpture of Horus was probably created for worshipping purposes too. Looking at the sphinxes can show us the further connection the ancient Egyptians had with the animals. The sphinx is a statue that has the body of a lion and the head of a human being. This could mean that The Egyptians thought that human beings had the power to be beastlike and have the mind ability of a god. Looking at almost any of the artwork representing Egyptian gods, one can observe the deep connection Egyptians had with animals. The jackal was a representation of the god Anubis. Scholars believe that the jackal was associated with Anubis was because Anubis is the god that opens the road to the afterlife, and jackals were seen to be roaming around the tombs and deserts. Almost every god that was worshiped was represented by an animal and these animals characteristics were then attributed to the god. Ancient Egypt was a place filled with culture. The Nile River played a major role in building this civilization. With the Niles help, Egypt was able to flourish and become a large empire. Ancient Egyptian religion played a huge role in the making of the Egyptian art. Most of the art from this era was depiction of gods and pharaohs. The sunken relief of Horus shows the cannon used by ancient Egyptian artists. Egyptian culture and gods had a large impact on the artwork created during this era and the same culture dominated the area for several hundred years. Reference Kleiner,Fred. Gardner’s Art Through the Ages. Boston: Wadsworth, 2011. Print.

How organisations can become better managers of cultural diversity on the global market

How organisations can become better managers of cultural diversity on the global market Introduction The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how organisations can become better managers of cultural diversity on the global market. This paper argues that organisations can achieve success with diversity environment by finding and accepting visible and non- visible differences between values and factors in the workforce (Kandola and Fullerton, 1998). Consequently, individual organisations need to have their own theories and ideas about management and development diversity environment in the context of social-economic conditions, national legislation, culture, demography, history factors (Jones, Pringle and Shepherd, 2000; Syed 2008a). There is plenty of evidence which highlights cases of diversity management and its inputs into organisations. A significant part of the discussion in this paper is based on the framework of micro-, macro- and meso-level analysis relevant to PO Ferries as a multicultural organisation, while creating their strategy of working culture, respect and values around different level of diversity (Schneider, 2001: 27). In other words, the issue of diversity involved diverse personal characteristics, such as gender, race, culture and disability (Cox 1993; Ottaviano Peri, 2006; Thomas 1991), but also social discourses, national structures, institution and organisational processes and behaviours in the development of a multicultural workplace. This paper is structured as follows. The next section has been divided into three smaller sections in which each of them deeply explain diversity management levels based on PO Ferries examples and some of criticisms. Those sections highlight aspects and approaches which need to be taken into concern in professional management decisions if organisations want to become better in a cultural diversity market. Background Diversity management is a cultural change process (Singh, 2002) of set values and recognises the difference between people and organisations. An integrated approach to managing diversity means understanding differences which has been created by environment, adopts an opportunity, improved employee motivation (Beaver stock, 1991) and at the same time meet organisation objectives. Globalisation, migration from developing countries and a shift away from economic barriers (Hill, 2009: 3) is extremely challenging for HRM in the context of human rights laws, limitation on employment opportunities, culture influences or organisational approaches towards managing diversity. According to researches, the phenomenon of managing diversity has taken into account the framework of multilevel factors, macro-national level, micro-individual level (Syed, J. Ozbilgin, M. 2009) which can improve rules of diversity legal organisation policies and respond to a power of different circumstances in the workp lace (Johns, 2001: 39). The micro level Diversity based on individual attributes and aspirations which are part of the micro- level analysis. It is crucial to understand the individual- level factors if organisations want to achieve success and minimalism conflict and lower job satisfactions which can become the potential future problems (McMillan- Capehart, 2005). People should be treated equally regardless of race, ethic, gender, sexual, orientation or other social rewards (Jewson and Mason). For example, PO Ferries employ over 35000 employers around the world of which 34% of them are non- British and that includes 65% of men and 35% of women. Average age is 19-55 years old for man and 23- 57 years old for woman. Over 25% of non- British employees are working in highest positions like: managers, officer or team leaders (56% woman, 44% man), about 40 % are working in PO offices as call advisers and translators and the rest 35% are working as customer service stewards on boats (HRM- PO, 2009) . Previous statistics suggest that culturally diverse backgrounds do not block their career and activities because of the separation from their home country. There is a limited evidence of companies where diversity management is well- organised like PO Ferries. Organisation as a global institution need to take into concern national culture influences and design their jobs, values and multiple identities to effectively promote outcomes but also individual relationships and interaction within an organisation. Thus, Sign (2002) explain that by developing peoples opportunities to the best of their ability will be paid by commitment, innovation and creativity to organisations by employees. Managers, who manage diverse teams must adopt mix perspectives and make sure that diversity contributions are integrated into organisational objectives. Only by personal contact, face to face interactions or indirect electronic interactions, the organisation is going to build strong micro- level relationship where employees will fe el that their contributions are influenced and noticed by employers. According to PO Ferries, micro- level of analysis is representing by face to face communication between managers and employees. All ideas, problems or suggestions which involved organisation performance or sometimes even some employee private problems are discussed carefully with managers attentions and ideas to help. The literature review criticises many organisations around the world in which the opportunity for foreign woman to achieve better positions are not the same as foreign men. This can be classified as sexual discrimination which is part of micro- level diversity recruitment. UK statistics show that womens gross individual income is on average 51 per cent less then men (ECO, 2009). Employers still forget about relevant legislations and the fact that organisations need to play by the rules which cause controversial problems and criticisms. PO Equal Opportunities Policy covers all legislations which deal with discrimination (EOP, 2007). Furthermore, women who work for PO Ferries have the same respect as men and sex has no influence on the position they have. The company has 35% women working as a manager or a team leader which is 7% more and 27% in customer service which again is 12% more compared to men (PO, 2009). The macro level In management- orientation, focus should be not only on organisation benefits but also on people performances from difference of capital, labour, skills, knowledge, behaviours, communications and other cultural differences which are keys of organisations improvement and positive action (Bratton and Gold, 2004). The local phenomenon of managing diversity cannot be separate from its social- cultural, social- economic, social-political and institutional contexts (Syed and ÃÆ'-zbilgin, 2007). Professional diversity management offered by organisations needs to be universal and flexible for cultural changes. The multicultural, multilingual and multidisciplinary nature of the professional workplace has to take responsibility for cross- culture communication, corporate and dimensions. According to National Statistics (2007), Great Britain has 507,000 non- British which constitute 87% of all UK population on the end of 2007. This means that diversity is more usual than it was before and it is giving organisations opportunities to be competitive and flexible on the global market. For example PO Ferrys staff come from different countries like: Scotland (34%), Poland (20%), Spain (3%), Slovakia (9%), Italy (5%), Ireland (10%), France (15%) and other (4%). Those differences are building high performance and quality customer services compared to other subsidisers (PO, 2009). If diversity management is prepared to take organisational culture into the company environment, their success will be higher. The key point is to understand social difference codes in the workplace. Ridgeway (2006) explain social difference codes as the widely shared cultural beliefs that delineate the socially significant distinctions among people on the basis of which a society is structured and inequality is organised (p.180). In other words people can be categorized based on individual attributes and dimensions of diversity which has been mentioned as a part of micro- level but also adopted into macro- level analysis where focus is on social stratification and stereotypes as a persons status or ethnicity (Syed and ÃÆ'-zbilgin, 2007). The diversity management effort must integrate both micro- and macro- diversity awareness to make organisations effective and a friendly place for employees with different backgrounds. Management should design a polycentric strategy for managing diverse environments. There are lots of literatures which criticise the ethnocentric ways of looking on diversity. There are still many organisations where staff have not been trained to work in a diversity environment and cannot recognise the potential of cultural diversity. It is hard for them to accept the fact that changes can be good and an ethnocentric strategy will cause many problems and will not bring any improvements into the organisation. There are evidences which criticises how the host market ignored and stayed closed for changes. For example, being a foreign employee can be a disadvantage because English is not their first language (Bertone, 2004) and some employers cannot understand that foreign qualifications are as good as home ones. As a result, an immigrants education is less important as a home citizens and the possibility to find a job in their profession becomes mission impossible. PO is not allowed to discriminate anyone who has got international qualifications, because that company focuses on knowledge and training their staff to make sure that performance and high quality of service is competitive compared to other similar companies. PO is quite happy to train those people who are open for development and improvement in qualifications as long as those qualifications are relevant to job. Diversity management should in their behaviours and decisions appropriate international standards not ethnocentric mentality and go forward to improve all the time. This paper also argues that national or organisational laws, labour policies and social- economy issues can affect diverse workers. Nowadays, there are many organisations which have designed their own diversity- oriented policies. Indeed, as a result of human rights and equal opportunity laws, those policies create anti-discrimination rules in the context of micro- and macro- levels. PO in their policies clearly explain that discrimination on those levels is not allowed (EOP, 2007). Management in their responsibility must ensure that they do not engage in any form of discrimination and that they are fair with their decisions. The management strategy should not only provide rivalry (Porter, 1990) but take opportunities to embrace the high- performance based on high trust, commitment and productivity and at the same time not forgetting about employment social relationships (Godard, 2004). The meso level The last but as important as micro- and macro- level is the meso- level of analysis which highlights relationships between organisational context and component behaviour in the aspect of organisation outcomes (McCarthy, 2002: 59). In other words, social capital (Bourdieu Wacquant, 1992) is a resource which is important for a diversity managers work through organizational levels and networks between companies and employees. Most organisations expect from foreign employees to assimilate to the domestic culture. It is the management responsibility to make that happen and help a diverse workforce to achieve that access (Thomas and Ely, 1996). Being a multicultural workplace is compromised when they give employees opportunities to make their own choices based on cultural backgrounds and by not playing organisational rules. Thomas and Ely (1996) calls that approach multiculturalism. The work environment is not involved in only multiculturalism but also in the context of diversity circumstances. Bourdieu said that diversity habits like: what the worker eats, their practices, political opinions and all other individual activities are principles in the workplaces for employees. Professional organisations create friendly environments for those values, beliefs which in some points are responsible for organisational improvement and success (Syed and ÃÆ'-zbilgin, 2009). Because PO have employees from different pa rt of the world, some of the diversity habits have been taken into concern in management decisions. Food and drinks which are served for different cultured staff included French, Polish and Spanish meals. The same is with customers. The Dover- Calais route offers French and English menus. So, everyone can find something nice in the menus that the company offers. Konrad (2003) notes that it is important for managers to have focus on power relations between various identity groups in organisations and in all dissimilar individuals behaviours to avoid misunderstanding. Stone, Stone-Romero Ã…Â ukaszewski (2007) recommended that HRM processes and practices must change to be more flexible on increasing cultural diversity and HRM as a modernist project (Legge 2005: 337) should support diversity management with improvement in their decision making within the working environment. Conclusion This paper explains a framework through which diversity management can be understood from different perspectives. That framework not only brings together micro-, macro- and meso- level analysis but also helps better understand how important each of those approaches is for multicultural organisations. Both multinational businesses and multinational management need to learn how to recognize the significant of multidimensional investment in human resource development which approaches the need to develop strategy, collaborative and cross- culture competence to improve business and employees performance (ÃÆ'-zbilgin, Tatli 2008: 65). Managers need to understand that a diverse workforce can improve organizational productivity and creativity. Managing a diverse workforce is a challenge. When people from different backgrounds come together in the workplace, there is a potential for great improvement, but also a possibility for conflict. This paper has highlighted the diversity efforts on different levels and PO Ferries is an example of a company where diversity management is still developing on all micro-, macro- and meso- levels. The paper has also argued that organisations still have to change in their structures, strategy and management knowledge about diversity. Improvement and understanding is needed to become better employers, managers or leaders of diversity teams. The implications of the paper is that managers need to do more then just manage people, they have to take into account the above framework and try to do the right things (Druckers, 2001) because managing people is a challenge but also a compromise. References: Drucker, P. (2001), The essential Drucker: selections from the management works of Peter F. Drucker. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Konrad, A. (2003), Defining the Domain of Workplace Diversity Scholarship, Group and Organization Management, 28, 1, 4-17. Bourdieu, P. (1998), Practical Reason: On the Theory of Action, p.8, Cambridge: Polity Press. Stone, D., Stone-Romero, E., Ã…Â ukaszewski, K. (2007), the impact of cultural values on the acceptance and effectiveness of human resource management policies and practices. Human Resource Management Review, 17, 152à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢165. Jones, D., Pringle, J., and Shepherd, D. (2000), Managing Diversity Meets Aotearoa / New Zealand, Personnel Review, 29, 364-380. Syed, J. (2008a), A Context specific Perspective of Equal Employment Opportunity in Islamic Societies, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 25, 1, 135-151. Cox, T. (1993), Cultural Diversity in Organisations. San Francisco, CA: Barrett- Koehler Publishers Inc. Ottaviano, G.I.P. and Peri, G. (2006), The economic value of cultural diversity: Evidence from US cities, Journal of Economic Geography 6(1): 9-44. Thomas, R. Jr. (1991), Beyond Race and Gender: Unleashing the Power of Your Total Workforce by Managing Diversity. American Management Association, New York: AMACOM. Hill, Ch. (2009), International Business. Competing in the Global Market, 7th Edition, Irwin McGraw- Hill and London. Beaverstock, J. (1991). Skilled international migration: an analysis of the geography of international secondments within large accountancy firms. Environment and Planning, A23, 1133à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1146. Syed, J., ÃÆ'-zbilgin, M. (2009), A relational framework for managing diversity. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, December 12, 2435-2453. Syed, J., ÃÆ'-zbilgin, M. (2007), A relational framework for managing diversity. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, August 3-8, Philadelphia, PA. Johns, G. (2001), In praise of context, Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 22:31-42. Thomas, D., and Ely, R. (1996), Making Differences Matter: A New Paradigm for Managing Diversity, Harvard Business Review, 74, 5, 79-90. National Statistic 2007, (online). Available at: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?id=260 (Accessed 24th November 2009) Ridgeway, C. (2006), Social Relational Contexts and Self-organizing Inequality, in Relational Perspectives in Organizational Studies: A Research Companion, eds. O. Kyriakidou and M. ÃÆ'-zbilgin, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, pp. 180-196. EOP, (2007), Equal Opportunities Policy- PO Ferries Limited, Dover. Porter, M. E. (1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Macmillan, London McCarthy, (2002), System trump program- Organizational Components and External Influence, Chapter 6, p.59 Bertone, S. (2004), From factory fodder to multicultural mediators: A typology of NESB immigrant work experiences in Australia. PhD Thesis. Sydney: University of Sydney. ÃÆ'-zbilgin, M.F., Tatli, A. (2008), Global Diversity Management: An Evidence-Based Approach. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Parker, C. (1999) Singh, V. (2002), Managing Diversity for Strategic Advantage. London: Council for Excellence in Management and Leadership. McMillan- Capehart, A. (2005), A configurational framework for diversity: socialization and culture. Personnel Review, 34(4): 488-503. Jewson, N. and Mason, D. (1986), The theory and practice of equal opportunities policies: liberal and radical approaches. Sociological Review, 34(2): 307-34. Legge, K. (2005), Human Resources Management: Rhetoric and Realities (anniversary edn). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan: 337. Godard, J. (2004), A critical assessment of the high-performance paradigm. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 42(2): 39-78. Schneider, R. (2001), Variety performance. People Management, 7(9): 26-31. Bratton, J. and Gold, J. (2007), Human Resources Management: Theory and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan, (4th edition). Kandola, R. and Fullerton, J. (1998), The Diversity Mosaic in Diversity in Action: Managing The Mosaic, (2nd Edition) London: Institute of Personnel and Development. Bourdieu, P., Wacquant, L. J. D. (1992), An invitation to reflexive sociology. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. Equality Human Rights Commission, 2009, (online). Available at: http://www.equalityhumanrights.com (Accessed 26th November, 2009) HMN- PO PO (2009), PO Performance for 2009, Dover.

JFK assassination Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"In a few days people will forget and there will be a new President.† Lee Harvey Oswald It was a hot day in Dallas, Texas. President Kennedy sat in the rear seat on the right side of the car. His wife, Jacqueline, sat on his left. Texas Governor John B. Connally sat in a "jump" seat in front of the president, and Mrs. Connally sat to her husband's left. They were in a motorcade when an unimaginable sound was heard. It was 12:30 p.m., the cars approached an expressway for the last leg of the trip. Suddenly, three shots rang out and the president slumped down, hit in the neck and head. Connally received a bullet in the back. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was shot. Mrs. Kennedy didn’t know what to do, â€Å"I was looking to the left and I heard these terrible noises†¦and my husband never made a sound†¦I could see a piece of his skull†¦and then I remember falling on him saying, ‘Oh, no, no, no,’†¦it just seemed an eternity.† The limousine raced to nearby Parkland Hospital. Doctors worked desperately to save the preside nt, but he died at 1:00 p.m. without regaining consciousness. Doctors said that Kennedy had no chance to survive when brought into the hospital. Governor Connally, although seriously wounded, later recovered. President Kennedy, A.K.A. JFK, was in Texas to gain support for his re-election. Kennedy came to Texas accompanied by his wife and Vice President and Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson. The purpose of his trip was to heal a split in the Texas Democratic Party before the 1964 presidential campaign in which Kennedy planned to run for a second term. Dallas had a reputation as a center for people who strongly opposed Kennedy. The assumed assassin was a 24-year-old ex-U.S.Marine, who from the beginning had emotional problems and difficulties. His father died had before he was born and his mother was not much support. He was discharged from the Marines in September 1959 and went to the Soviet Union a month later. He tried to become a Soviet citizen but was turned down. He also had been active in the Fair Play for Cuba Committee, a group that supported Cuba's Communist dictator Fidel Castro. He returned to the U.S. with his wife Marina, and baby daughter. No one saw Oswald shoot the President. The high-powered Italian rifle said to have killed the President was traced to Osw... ...nedy for not throwing the full weight of his air force behind the Bay of Pigs affair and he came to an agreement with the Soviets over Cuba. The Dallas police were also widely investigated. Concluding they were at fault for Oswald’s death. In 1982, the National Research Council, a scientific research organization, disagreed with the House committee's finding. There was also a â€Å"single bullet theory† in which only one shot was fired killing Kennedy, leaving his neck and entering Governor Connelly’s back. Though Connelly disagrees saying, â€Å"the bullet that entered Kennedy wasn’t the same as the one for my wounds.† Others say there were four or five bullets. No one knows for sure how many bullets there were or how many actual people were involved with the killing of President John Kennedy. â€Å"Clearly there was an attempt by Federal and local authorities to conceal the facts as contained in the evidence. The cover up is all to obvious.† The world is still in mourning because of the loss of a beloved President. Those who witnessed the killing of Oswald were forever changed as well. Seeing two deaths in two days was shocking. But who really knows who really killed John Fitzgerald Kennedy?

Literary Allusions in Eliots The Hollow Men :: Eliot The Hollow Men Essays

Literary Allusions in Eliot's The Hollow Men      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scholars have long endeavored to identify the sources of various images in T. S. Eliot's work, so densely layered with literary allusions. As Eliot himself noted in his essay "Philip Massinger" (1920),    One of the surest of tests is the way in which a poet borrows. Immature poets imitate, mature poets steal; bad poets deface what they take, and good poets make it into something better, or at least something different.    In Eliot's poem "The Hollow Men," several sources have been posited for the "hollow men . . . the stuffed men / leaning together . . . filled with straw" (lines 1-2). B. C. Southam notes three: that the "hollow . . . stuffed men" are reminiscent of the effigies burned in celebration of Guy Fawkes Day; that "according to Valerie Eliot, the poet had in mind the marionette in Stravinsky's Petrouchka"; and finally, that the "straw-stuffed effigies are associated with harvest rituals celebrating the death of the fertility god or Fisher King."(n1)    In 1963, some years before Southam's summary, John Vickery had proffered an interpretation similar to the third point mentioned. He noted that "the opening lines of `The Hollow Men' with their image of straw-filled creatures, recalls The Golden Bough's account of the straw-man who represents the dead spirit of fertility that revives in the spring when the apple trees begin to blossom."(n2) Whereas Eliot may well have had any or all of these ideas in mind, I suggest that there is yet another connection to be made, namely between Eliot's "hollow . . . stuffed men" and the Roman ritual of the Argei.    In 1922, a few years before Eliot wrote "The Hollow Men," W. Warde Fowler described the particulars of this ritual, which was to him a "fascinating puzzle" and "the first curiosity that enticed" him "into the study of Roman religion," in his book Roman Religious Experience.(n3) The rite according to Fowler occurs    each year on the ides of May, which is in my view rather magical than religious, though the ancients themselves looked upon it as a kind of purification, [namely] the casting into the Tiber from the Pons Sublicius of twenty-four or twenty-seven straw puppets by the Vestal Virgins in the presence of the magistrates and pontifices. Recently an attempt has been made by Wissowa to prove that this strange ceremony was not primitive, but simply a case of substitution of puppets for real human victims as late as the age of the Punic wars.

Descartes Meditation One Essay -- essays research papers

Descartes' Meditation One   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being a foundationalist, Descartes needs to destroy the foundations of his beliefs so that in his Meditations he will be able to build upon new foundations of undeniable and self evident truths. In order to do this Descartes must first find a valid argument that will allow him to doubt his foundation beliefs and in turn doubt what is considered to be reality. He begins by first noting that one can not trust their own senses, because we can be deceived by our sciences. An example of such would be if one looks at an optical illusion, they are seeing something that is not really there, and therefore are being deceived by their sense of sight. But this is not enough to justify doubting all things, so Descartes offers a different approach, the Dream Argument.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dream Argument is essential in because it allows one to logically question not only the senses but their surroundings and actions as well. Although one can doubt that what they see or hear is not really as is perceived; a person can not deny that they are for instance, standing, thinking about how their senses are deceiving them, with their feet planted on the ground, in their bedroom, feeling a little tired and so on. Only if one was, as Descartes writes, â€Å"..insane, whose brains are impaired by such an unrelenting vapor of black bile..† that they believe they are something other than what they are, would one doubt reality, without an...

Learning Coaching Supporting Young people Essay

1. Understand and implement the mentoring process My experience as a Learning Coach has led my sessions to move on from one to one with each student and can now include Group sessions. Group sessions involving a small group can be as effective when compared to one to one interaction. Before the group is brought together I can decide on which students might interact better with each other, for example a group I have worked with included 2 boys and 2 girls who didn’t know each other well in the school but were all studying the same subject, I considered if any prejudgement would prevent the group from bonding so chose this setup. The first session involved planning the steps that would be involved and purpose for having them in a group environment. I set goal deadline to meet within the group so they were aware of how long the time period would be, in this case 4 sessions over 4 weeks. The goal I had set was to discuss revision techniques and different Learning styles with, by the fourth week I hoped to have achieved an understanding for how they can motivate each other while learning from each other. As a group they had all been properly introduced to one another and indentified key areas they were struggling in with the particular subject they had in common. I used a group exercise where they created two spider diagrams labelling the parts they like and didn’t like in the subject, they were quick to indentify similar areas they were either stronger or weaker in as a group. Following the previous session I had each member of the group complete a VAK (Visual Auditory Kinesthetic) Questionnaire to indentify their own Learning Style. They all came out stronger in the Visual/Auditory side of learning and I showed them techniques such as using diagrams and bright colours, discussing topics as a group and making short notes that can be revisited. Each member of the group seemed keen to get involved and contribute their own ideas as we went along. To keep motivation high I always used positive comments as they worked, having the understanding and deadline established at the beginning helped them reach the goal and work together As the group reached the final session we reviewed the work involved and how they had achieved the understanding of what was set out. I asked them to explain by each of them writing 3 key points they had learned that could involve either what they had learnt about Learning styles or about the subject they had applied them in. Although each member had remembered a different point they realised the potential in working as a group. 2. Be able to organise and initiate mentoring support in group settings For a group to come together efficiently you have to consider how they will function as a whole. Will the members of the group bond immediately or will it take some time to reach a normality. You can help this process come together by developing techniques such as creating a Poster or Spider Diagram together about something in common. This will help ease any tension and allow you to see the more dominant members in the group and who might sit back during the process. Bruce Tuckman developed a model that looks at the stages of group development (Web Ref 1) 1. Forming: The group comes together and gets to initially know one other and form as a group. Can be a very important stage as it allows the group to see who is more dominant and how they will work together. 2. Storming: A chaotic Vying for leadership and trialling of group processes This can lead to confrontation in the group if somebody is seen not to get along with the others. Problems in this area would arise from individuals giving a different opinion or idea on how to do the task set before them. 3. Norming: Eventually agreement is reached on how the group operates (norming) Possibly a leader in the group is set out who takes charge. The group might have specific tasks that each of them are focusing on. 4. Performing: The group practices its craft and becomes effective in meeting its objectives. Now that the group can work together they focus on the tasks and perform what they grouped together to achieve. 5. Adjourning: The process of â€Å"unforming† the group, that is, letting go of the group structure and moving on. As it was important for each of them to get together and understand it’s important to leave the process effectively. They each need to recognise what they have done and hopefully be proud of their achievements. Coming away from a group badly can affect future group processes. (Web Ref 1) This model of how a group evolves with each other briefly describes how they operate from the beginning to the end of the group process. Being the Learning Coach allows you to have a unique position in the group allowing you to take on any position you see suitable. It’s advisable to set ground rules for them to follow, these could be to be open and honest, keeping confidentiality within the group, not letting each other down or just respecting each other. With these sort of ground rules in place you can take a position of just watching the group or be a member of the group, if you feel they need some guidance raise the issue they are concerned with and put them on the right path. It is important to consider what differences might be there for the group, so with the ground rules and having them focus on themselves as a whole and trust and respect each other can be a main focus. With some students coming from different backgrounds and diversity’s or having issues they might not want to talk about in a group environment can put a block on the groups progress. Don’t pressure them into these kind of topics and let the group flow naturally. 3. Analyse the mentoring skills, experience and qualities you used in this group setting. When I deal with any students I always try to be friendly and make them feel comfortable to talk in front of me while being professional. I understand that the students will often look to me for guidance so I make sure not to be judgemental towards any of the group members and give everyone a fair chance. Hopefully this will promote them in doing the same to each other. While my role in the group was more observational I did question them from time to time, making sure they were on the right path and understood what they had said. While talking with them I did try and avoid using questions that lead to a yes or no answer, asking them to explain, once they explained it to me I would try and relate to them personally. My observation in the group kept them disciplined and focused more on the task. I didn’t have to be talking for them to know I was there. I didn’t want to be intimidating them either, I would occasionally agree and give my opinion on something they said to see if I was following correctly and more importantly they knew I wasn’t ignoring them. At the beginning of the time together we set out a goal that they all had in common. Something they all felt they could benefit from. I picked them all for this group originally because of that reason. The goal deadline was set out from the start for them to know when it would definitely be coming to an end. I hoped that from the sessions they would have learned everything they needed to and not need to come back to me. I have always said I keep an open door policy and if they needed to see me individually I would open it up as a new session time and new goal, this way they can understand that it’s not being dragged on from the previous time. 4. Be able to review the outcomes of the mentoring process With my Learning Coach group sessions what went well was discussing the matters with them and being a guide to keep them on the right track. The discipline was always fair and I never had to take any real precautions just focus them on the goal in sight. With future groups I will try to focus more on achieving a greater goal. I possibly set the goal to easily for them to achieve but this is hard to see when you don’t know how the group will work with each other. I would also try and give some kind of reward incentive to give them more of a morale boost throughout the sessions. I didn’t present them with anything that could give them real pride in what they did other than knowing themselves what they achieved. I will consider giving them achievement points on the school system to acknowledge how well they have done. My overall support I felt was just the right amount. I didn’t want to take total control of the group so I focused more on guidance to push them in the right direction. I may possibly in the future take more control of a group if I feel they are not going to achieve their goal within the deadline or not focusing on the task in hand. I would like to involve a different group activity for them to start with. The activity I have given them may not appeal to everyone. I would like to arrange a few activity’s they could pick from. I asked the group afterwards how they felt the process went. They were generally happy with the result but were not sure if they would bother to use it when not in these group sessions. One individual was not happy with not being listened to and felt she would have directed her time in a different area to what the group decided on. I might consider making the groups smaller so that others get a chance to say something rather then just listening to others.

Pacific oil company Essay

The Pacific Oil Company went into negotiations with Reliant Manufacturing, and its goal was to sign a more long-term agreement. Pacific assumed that the new contract would be signed with no major hurdles or objectives, and that the dominant point of negotiation would be price. Jean Fontaine, who is the marketing vice president for Pacific Oil, went into a negotiation process with Reliant. Jean started the process several years before Reliant Manufacturing’s contract was up, hoping to beat her competition to the lower price offers and leave with a contract extension of 5 years. Unfortunately, Jean did not properly research her client’s needs or adequately project what the outcome might be. Because of this, Pacific Oil Company was not prepared to address the concerns and requests that Reliant brought up during the negotiation. Though both parties wanted to move quickly toward signing a contract, Pacific Oil Company elongated this process because it did not have a thorough negotiation strategy that included a contingency plan or best alternatives. Pacific oil also neglected to draw out its best alternatives or bottom line in advance. Staying on the Same Page in Business Negotiations Pacific believed that other elements of the contract might be discussed, but that no dramatic changes would be expected. Because of Pacific’s lack of strategic planning, they wasted valuable time, money, emotional stress and energy. They also risked losing other opportunities that could have been more favorable for them. Adding to the problem was Pacific’s assumption that Reliant would sign a new contract quickly. Because of the time and money spent on traveling and negotiating back and forth, and the potential need for new technology development, which would be based on the contract’s outcome, Pacific Oil Company became increasingly desperate to finalize a contract with Reliant. As a result, Reliant obtained the advantage needed to make more demands during negotiations. Additionally, Reliant was aware of Pacific Oil’s dependence on its business, and took full advantage of these opportunities.

Apwh Ch.9 Study Guide

How did the Persian conquest set the stage for the emergence of the Maurya empire? The Persian Conquest left Asia without a ruler, this allowed Chandragupta Maurya to exploit the opportunity and lay down the foundation for the Maurya Empire. . What were five major accomplishments of the emperor Ashoka?The five major accomplishments of the emperor Ashoka were to conquer Kalinga and bring it under Mauryan control, communicated his policies throughout his realm by inscribing edicts in natural stone formations or pillars he ordered to be erected, established his capital at the fortified city of Pataliputra, created a central treasury to oversee the efficient collection of taxes, and he converted to Buddhism. How did the Gupta administrative practices differ from the Maurya?Ashoka had insisted on knowing the details of regional affairs, which he closely monitored from his court at Pataliputra. The Guptas left local government and administration, and even the making of basic policy, in the hands of their allies in the various regions of their empire. How did India fit in to the trade along the Silk Road? The Silk Road allowed India to trade cotton, spices, and gems in return for horses and bullion from the west and silk from China. In what ways did the development of trade and manufacturing impact the caste system?The development of trade and manufacturing led way to new groups of artisans, craftsmen and merchants, many who did not fit easily in the established structure. Individuals that worked in the same craft usually got together to form a guild, a corporate body that watched prices and wages in an industry and provided for the members and their families. What are the fundamental beliefs of Jainism? What has been its long-term impact? Why did it never become as popular as other major world religions? The fundamental beliefs of Jainism are ahisma or nonviolence, that verything has a soul, and that there should not be a caste system. It never became as popular as o ther major world religions because the ascetic life that is enforced was too extreme. Its long term impact is that it influenced many beliefs in China up until the nineteenth century. What was the popular appeal of Buddhism? How does it compare and contrast to Hinduism? The appeals of Buddhism are that there is less dependence on Brahmins for ritual services, there was no caste or jati, and it did not demand the rigorous asceticism of Jainism.Buddhism is different from Hinduism because Buddhists use vernacular tongues instead of Sanskrit. It is similar to Hinduism because they both believe in reincarnation, originated in india, made people live according to a certain way (dharma/eightfold path) and they both have the idea of heaven or a spiritual union (nirvana and moksha). How did early Buddhism evolve into Mahayana Buddhism? How did that help spread the religion? Buddhism evolved into Mahayana Buddhism because innovations opened the road to salvation for large numbers of people.Th is helped it because education institutes preferred it to the other form of the religion, thus spreading it efficiently. How did Hinduism evolve in India during this period? Three epics of Hinduism, the Mahabharta, Ramayana, and the Bhagavad Gita reinforced the caste system by emphasizing active life and adherence to caste over the ascetic life. This message opened Hinduism to common people who are used to the caste system and allowed Hinduism to overtake Buddhism.Why did Buddhism eventually lose popularity in India? Buddhism eventually lost popularity in India because it was gradually displaced by Hinduism. It grew remote from the popular masses in India. Terms to know: Boddisatva, Mahayana, stupas, caste system, Jainism, Ashoka Maurya, dharma Dharma: in hinduism, it is the duties and obligations of each caste Caste system: a strict social structure in which classes are determined by heredity, wealth, or occupation Mahayana: a type of Buddhism that offers alvation to everyone and a llows popular worship Stupas: stone shrines that contain the remains and relics of the Buddha Boddisatva: In Mahayana Buddhism, a person who can reach nirvana but delays doing so to save suffering beings. Jainism: a religion that believed everything had a soul and believed in extreme aesthetics Ashoka Maurya: the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, he took the Mauryan empire to great heights and converted to Buddhism after battling the Kalinga tribe.

Advanced Placement Language and Composition Essay

1) Grammar (The Pronoun) 2) â€Å"U.S. Immigrants† article follow-up. Post our â€Å"how† and â€Å"why† questions. Discuss notable annotations. Effective or ineffective article—why? 3) Review â€Å"Keeping the Scorebook† questions and summaries. 4) Source 50 essays and Riverside Readera) SOAPstone for â€Å"Margaret† and â€Å"Salvation† b) establish a tone for â€Å"Margaret† and â€Å"Salvation† Purpose: How does Angelou (and Hughes) convey her (his) attitude toward the subject? Additionally, begin formatting an AP-style introduction based on SOAPstone.| 9/5 B9/6 R| | 1) Grammar Classwork: The Pronoun Chapter Review 2) Chapter Questions posed: â€Å"how† and â€Å"why† and possible answers 3) Discuss narrative writing approach: Question for Response â€Å"Digging†3) Source 50 essays and The Riverside Readera) SOAPstone for â€Å"Margaret† and â€Å"Salvation† b) establish a tone for à ¢â‚¬Å"Margaret† and â€Å"Salvation†; c) write an introductory AP-style paragraph; c) avoid â€Å"said† words; 4)Issue â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† and set Socratic seminar date. Purpose: How does Angelou (and Hughes) convey her (his) attitude toward the subject?—include strategies| 9/9 B9/10 R| | 1) Grammar Classwork: The Adjective Exercise 2 2) Review Homework Introductory Paragraphs—student models (collect paragraphs) 3) â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† Multiple Choice review—use m.c. for identifying rhetorical strategies? 4) Analyze â€Å"Elephant† paragraphs: diction, voice, tone, irony, selection of detail, and more 5) Discuss word choice and impact on readerPurpose: 1) Proficiency in writing an introductory APLAC paragraph. 2) Proficiency in textual analysis.

An Educational Article for the 21st century Essay Example for Free (#21)

An Educational Article for the 21st century Essay Curriculum (102) , 21st Century (10) , Corazon Aquino (9) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints Australian Ambassador to the Philippines Bill Tweddell and Philippine education officials opened recently the Assessment, Curriculum and Technology Research Centre (ACTRC). Located at the University of the Philippines (UP) College of Education building in Diliman, Quezon City, the facility will focus on research in support of the Philippines’ implementation of the K to 12 program, which is covered by a law recently signed by President Aquino. Tweddell, Education Secretary Armin Luistro, Commission on Higher Education Commissioner Cynthia Bautista, UP president Alfredo Pascual, other education officials and members of the academe attended ACTRC’s opening. The Australian government gave the P150-million grant for the establishment of the center in support of the country’s basic education reform program. ACTRC will focus on curriculum development, school assessment and the application of technology in upgrading the education system. â€Å"Australia strongly supports the Philippine government’s efforts in implementing the K to 12 program. Investing in a quality education system will provide better opportunities for all and a pathway out of poverty for the most disadvantaged,† Tweddell said in a statement. ACTRC will bring together the Philippines’ and Australia’s top research institutions—the UP College of Education and the University of Melbourne’s Assessment Research Centre— in â€Å"grounded research and evaluation activities in the areas of assessment, curriculum and technology as they relate to the implementation of the Philippine government’s K to 12 program.† Through grant-funding, the Australian Agency for International Development would support the center’s first three years of operation, the Australian embassy said. â€Å"Australia shares the Philippine government’s vision that K to 12, if implemented well, will bring the Philippines’ school system closer to international standards. The interaction of curriculum, assessment and the use of technology are important facets of a successful education program,† Tweddell said. â€Å"The curriculum is the blueprint of an education system. Assessment provides a picture of where we are in that blueprint today. Technology enables the curriculum to respond to the needs of the 21st century,† he added. K to 12 is the Aquino administration’s flagship education reform program that aims to improve the quality of Philippine high school graduates by spreading the clogged 10-year curriculum over 12 years. In essence, the program hopes to give Filipino youth longer time to learn and prepare for life after basic education, whether they hope to go on to college or find employment after graduating from high school. â€Å"The University of Melbourne and its Graduate School of Education is proud to be associated with this major initiative to inform the Philippines’ education and research communities. The center will provide an opportunity to put into practice evidence-based research outcomes through its collaborative activities with the Philippines’ Department of Education,† said Professor Field Rickards, dean of the Graduate School of Education of the University of Melbourne. UP College of Education dean Rosario Alonzo said the facility and the collaboration it allowed would help promote the professional development of the UP faculty. â€Å"This is crucial to the university’s (UP) fulfillment of its mandate as a research university,† she said. The article discussed how the Australian Government supports the implementation of the K to 12 Program here in the Philippines. It is also written how they believe that the new curriculon that was founded by the current administration will make the Philippines educational system closer to the international standards. B. Words that I have learned from the article Academe – The academic environment or community; academia. Assessment – The evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something: â€Å"the assessment of educational needs†. Collaboration – The action of working with someone to produce or create something. Crucial – Decisive or critical, esp. in the success or failure of something. Curriculum – The subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college. Facets – A particular aspect or feature of something. Implementation – the act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order C. Ideas I have learned about the article At first i thought that K to 12 program was a bad idea, because it prolongs the years of study of students like me and making it a little much of a burden to my parents because of the added budget for the tuition but when i read articles pertaining to K to 12 implementation such as the likes of this one I simply realize that it isnt such a bad thing after all. I mean 2 years of added time is just a little sacrifice of what can be a result of a better future plus when you know that there are countries, like Australia, that are willing to support us on this kinds of program makes us a little more confident with ourselves that we can be more of a competative player in the international playfield when it comes to education. The article was really informative. For me, reading this article changed my point of view on K to 12 program and it also boosted my morale when i read the line â€Å"Australia shares the Philippine government’s vision that K to 12, if implemented well, will bring the Philippines’ school system closer to international standards.† because it gave me a heads up of what can be my potential in the future. Site link: http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/412557/center-to-give-research-support-for-k-to-12#ixzz2blPK2DsX An Educational Article for the 21st century. (2016, May 07). 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Post-War European Films and the Concept of Auteur Essay

Post-War European Films and the Concept of Auteur - Essay Example The essay "Post-War European Films and the Concept of Auteur" describes the concept of the 'auteur', especially in the context of post-war European cinema, from the films of the Spanish director Almodovar. The paper also focuses on the different themes that can be found in the works of Almodovar, in order to explain why the 'auteur' is now an important part of contemporary European cinema. There have been a lot of developments in European cinema since the Second World War ended. Some of the filmmakers in Europe actually experimented with new ideas and concepts on how to make films, as well as on the very technique and purpose of filmmaking in itself. Some filmmakers experimented on social realism, while some also experimented in making magical realist, existentialist, psychological, and symbolic films. However, there is one particular development on post-war filmmaking in Europe that has caught the attention of the researcher, and this is the concept of 'auteur'. In fact, many popular European filmmakers are actually categorized by scholars of film studies as an example of an auteur, and one of the most famous is the Spanish director and filmmaker Pedro Almodovar, the director of the films â€Å"Matador,† â€Å"Hable con Ella,† and â€Å"Volver†. In order to explain the importance of the concept of the â€Å"auteur† in European cinema, it is important first to define this concept, especially in the context of post-war filmmaking in Europe. The word auteur is actually a French word, this word actually means the 'author'.... According to film scholars, the concept of the auteur actually refers to the original idea of the French filmmaker Francois Truffaut (1932-1984), who in his manifesto â€Å"The Policy of Auteurs,† declared that â€Å"Cinema as an art made by a filmic artist and not by a writer,† wherein the filmic artist, or the filmmaker, is actually the auteur (â€Å"Truffaut’s manifesto: La Politique des Auteurs† n. p.). In this case, then, the concept of the auteur actually emphasizes the role of the filmmaker (or the director in that case), in the creation of the film itself, wherein the film is actually a creative product of the auteur (the filmmaker); also, it then follows that films actually represent the filmmakers actual creative vision (â€Å"Truffaut’s manifesto: La Politique des Auteurs† n. p.). In this case, in the treatise of Truffaut, he actually argues that despite the involvement of film in an industrial or commercial process, wherein elemen ts of the studio may heavily determine the outcome of the film; but the theory of auteur still actually holds that the creative voice (or the creative elements) of the film still actually shines out, and this come from the artistic and creative viewpoint of the auteur (â€Å"Truffaut’s manifesto: La Politique des Auteurs† n. p.). In this case, the theory of â€Å"auteurism† actually came out from this concept, wherein films can actually be analyzed or understood according to the different characteristics and themes of the auteur, and wherein common themes of the auteur can actually be identified with his works (â€Å"Truffaut’s manifesto: La Politique des Auteurs† n. p.). In fact, the concept of the auteur actually contributed much to the development of post

Alcohol Anonomyous (St James Club) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Alcohol Anonomyous (St James Club) - Essay Example In these regards, confidentiality was observed. When the meeting opened the group leader and members had about four different sayings in the group session. There was a facilitator that guided the group from beginning to end. At the beginning the facilitator opened the floor for anyone to answer questions and to elucidate the general rules. Some of the rules were related to confidentiality and the others centered on how the group should respect each other. The group leader then opened the discussion to the other members and asked if anyone was having problems staying sober. One of the group members named Charles appeared to be the dominant group member but he also helped start the session. Each person had a supporter and Charles was having a problem with his supporter. The group dynamic was slightly off, as there were twenty men and only three women. Still, I believe in terms of numbers the size of the group was optimal for discussion. The group also had a strong diversity of age, wit h individuals there from age 18 to age 72. In all I can say this was a spiritually based meeting that was beneficial to the group members. Sitting in on this meeting I felt accepted and socially at ease; I appreciate the experience and have no difficulty understanding how this could help individuals in their troubles with alcohol.

Systems and Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Systems and Operations Management - Essay Example This study tries to bring to light important aspects of the shift from physical to a digital economy and how this digital economy has led to crucial development in the economy of the republic of Korea. A new breed of technology springs out every 60 years or so of which without noticing this new breeds tends to affect the economy positively as a whole; hence, developing it. It introduces new social classes and leads to a different approach to business. In current times, the economy is highly digitised which is characterized as vast, automatic and invisible with adverse effects on employment. An example given is the digitisation of air travel, whereby 20 years ago one had to visit the airport to book a flight, but in current times one can book a flight and pay for it using online services. It is estimated that in less than two decades the digital economy will be as huge as the physical economy (Sears, 2007, 41). It is growing at an alarming rate and people should not underestimate the rate at which it is changing due to the simple fact that unlike the physical economy, the digital economy has no limits. ... As the global economy is interconnected and integrated it is significant to understand the effects of information technology on the economy in general and establish frameworks that will lead to the prosperity of the global economy as a whole (Eui-Hwan, 1999, 2). Information systems and technology has led to crucial and evident development on the economy. In macroeconomic perspective information technology has affected and enhanced the factors and patterns of productions, investment and employment. In a microeconomic perspective, it has enhanced business transactions in that it has led to effective and efficient modes of communication and an interpretation of information among employees who are key players in economic development (Eui-Hwan, 1999, 2). In Korea informational technology has led to direct and indirect development of its economy. In 1995, the value of its information and communication industry was 30 trillion won, this figure rose significantly to 43 trillion won three yea rs later in 1998. Surprisingly enough its GDP also from 7.9% to 9.6%. Consequently, that year employment in that industry increased to 507,000 from 395,000 in 1995. In the information and export industry exports increased to 30billion dollars in 1998 and price increase rates in this industry services and equipment are -0.2% and 6.7% in 1998 which is lower than the national average (Eui-Hwan, 1999, 1). The role of the Korean government while dealing with economic failure has also changed from solving market failure to solving system failure, where system refers to the players involved such as the corporate, the individual person, university etc, and the environment which includes banking systems, labour